Introduction

Readings: Activity 9 and 10 of VQM Activities

Homework:
Problems 1& 2 Activity 8 page 8-5 of VQM Activities
Problems 1, 2& 3 Activity 10 pages 10-6 and 10-7 of VQM Activities

The model we developed with energy bands and gaps in the previous tutorial explained why we see a partial continuous spectrum for LEDs. They even allowed us to understand why we needed some minimal energy (voltage) to turn on each LED and why that energy depended on color. The model does not, however, explain how electrons get into the conduction band so they can emit light. To understand this process we must expand our model of the LED energy levels.